Skip to main content

Constitution and Political System PYQs (1995 - 2023)

Preamble of Indian Constitution

WE THE PEOPLE OF INDIA having solemnly resolved to constitute India into a SOVEREIGN SOCIALIST SECULAR DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC and to secure to all its citizens:

JUSTICE, social economic and political;

LIBERTY of thought, expression, belief, faith and worship;

EQUALITY of status and of opportunity; and to promote among them all

FRATERNITY assuring the dignity of individual and the unity and integrity of the nation;

IN OUR CONSTITUENT ASSEMBLY this twenty-sixth day of November 1949, do HEREBY ADOPT, ENACT AND GIVE TO OURSELVES THIS CONSTITUTION.


Extra constitutional and extra-legal device - non-constitutional bodies in India (Statutory and Non-Statutory)

  1. Do not derive powers from constitution.
  2. It derives powers from law passed by the Parliament and Executive resolution.
  3. Based on how their power derived it is classified into two types -
    • Statutory Bodies
      • Regulatory Bodies
      • Quasi-judicial bodies
    • Non Statutory Bodies
National Developmental Council

The Governor's Councils

Zonal Councils

Inter-State Councils

Important Constitutional Amendment Act

  1. 01st - Added 9th schedule.
  2. 08th -
  3. 09th - 
  4. 18th - Accepting the recommendations of 10th finance commission.
  5. 42nd - 
  6. 44th - Empowers president to send back any matter for reconsideration by the councils of Ministers.
  7. 52nd - Anti-defection law (10th Schedule)
  8. 59th - President shall not be the member of either house of the parliament.
  9. 69th - According to the status of National Capital Territory of Delhi.
  10. 75th - Establishment of state level rent tribunals.

  12. 79th - Parliament shall consist of president and two houses.
  13. 73rd - Panchayati Raj
  14. 83rd - No reservation for schedule caste in Panchayat in Village or other local level.
  15. 93rd - Free and Compulsory education for all children between the age of 6 and 14.
Important Acts
  1. Representation of Peoples (Amendment) Act 1996
Schedules of the Constitution
  1. 1st - List of states and Union Territories
  2. 2nd - Emolument, allowances and privileges of -
    • President
    • Governor
    • Speaker and Deputy Speaker (LS and LA)
    • The Chairman and Deputy Chairman (RS and LC)
    • Judges of SC and HC
    • CAG
  3. 3rd - Oath and affirmations
    • Union and State ministers
    • Candidate of election of Parliament and SLA
    • MP and MLA
    • Judges of SC and HC
    • CAG
  4. 4th - Provides number of seats allocated for States and UTs in council of states (RS).
  5. 5th - Administration of control of SA and ST
  6. 6th - Administering tribal areas in the States of - Assam, Meghalaya, Tripura, and Mizoram. 
  7. 7th - List for determining the legislative authority - Union, States and Concurrent List
  8. 8th - List of recognized languages in India - Originally 14 languages in the schedule but presently it contains 22 languages. 
  9. 9th - Added by First Constitutional Amendment Act 1951. To protect certain acts and regulations from being declared void on the ground of violating Fundamental Rights.
  10. 10th - Anti-defection law (Added by 52nd Constitutional Amendment Act)
  11. 11th - Panchayati Raj (Power, Authority and Responsibility) - 73rd Amendment Act 1992
  12. 12th - Municipalities (Power, Authority and Responsibility) - 74th Amendment Act 1992
Constitutional amendment possible only with the ratification of the legislature of not less than one half of the state.

  1. Election of President (Article 54 and 55)
  2. Extent of executive power of Union (Article 73)
  3. Extent of executive power of States (Article 162)
  4. Provision relating to HC of Union Territories (Article 241)
  5. Provision relating to Union Judiciary (Chapter IV of Part V of the Constitution)
  6. Distribution of Legislative power between Union and States. (Chapter 1 of Part XI of the constitution)
  7. Three list in 7th Schedule
  8. Representation of states in Parliament (Article 80, 81 and 82 and the Fourth Schedule)
  9. The amending clause itself (Article 368)
Not explicitly stated in constitution of India but followed as a convention.
  1. PM has to resign if he loses the majority in lower house.
  2. If President is from the North, then Vice President should be from South and vice versa.
  3. If Speaker of Lok Sabha is from ruling party, Deputy Speaker should be from opposition party.

Important Articles

  1. Article 14 - Equality before the law and equal protection of law.
  2. Article 15 - State shall not discriminate any citizens on the ground of religion, race, caste, sex, place of birth or any of them.
  3. Article 16(2) - No person can be discriminated against in the matter of public appointment on the ground of religion, race or caste.
  4. Article 17 - Abolition of Untouchability
  5. Article 24 - No child below the age of 14 years shall be engaged in hazardous employment.
  6. Article 29 - Religious Minorities
    • Article 29(2) - No citizen shall be denied admission into any educational institution maintained by state, or receiving state aid, on ground of religion, race, caste, language or any of them.
  7. Article 30 - Linguistic Minorities
    • Article 30(1) - All religious and linguistic minorities shall establish and administer educational institution of their choice.
  8. Article 31(1) - No person shall be deprived of his property save by the authority of law.
  9. Article 45
  10. Article 54 - Election of President of India
  11. Articles of DPSP
    • 41
    • 43A - 
    • 48A -
    • 51 - Promotion of International Peace and Security
  12. Article 75 - Appointment of the Prime Ministers
  13. Article 121
  14. Article 122
  15. Article 123 - President has to give her assent to the ordinance on electoral reform when it is sent back to him by the Union Cabinet.
  16. Article 124
  17. Article 142
  18. Article 143 - Power of President to consult the Supreme Court.
  19. Article 144
  20. Article 145
  21. Article 155 - Appointment of the governor of state.
  22. Article 156 - Governor shall hold office for the term of five years.
  23. Article 164 - Appointment of the Chief Minister and Council of Ministers of States.
  24. Article 170 - Composition of Legislative Assembly
  25. Article 215
  26. Article 275
  27. Article 325
  28. Article 330
  29. Article 355 - It shall be the duty of Union to protect every state against external aggression and internal disturbance.
  30. Article 359 -
  31. Article 350 -
  32. Article 350 A -
  33. Article 351 -
  34. Article 368 - Constitutional Amendment
Important Topics
  1. Socio economic democracy - DPSP
  2. Political Democracy - Fundamental Rights
  3. Social Democracy
  4. Gandhian Democracy
Labels:

Comments

Post a Comment

Popular posts from this blog

Geography of India PYQ Analysis (Prelims)

Sampurna Geography -  Geography for UPSC IAS Civil Services Exam - PMF IAS Map of India -  Geography of India: An Introduction - Civils daily Vegetation in India Types and Characteristics PMF IAS State wise vegetation in India. Division of India's Costal Region PMF IAS OnlyIAS Thermal Power Station Thermal Power Plant in India Dul Hasti Power Station Maitri Super Thermal Power Project Singareni Thermal Power Plant The problems plaguing Thermal Power Generation Kothagudem - AP Raichur - KN Mettur - TN Wanakbori - Gujarat Hydroelectricity Power Project Hydro electricity in Himalayas Impact of Hydro power electricity in Himalayan Region Ratle Hydroelectricity Project Shanan Power Project Suban Siri Lower Hydroelectric Project War Hydroelectric Project Hydropower Potential in India Arun 3 Hydro Project Mentioned in PYQs Tapovan (Chamoli district of Uttarakhand) Vishnugarh (Same) Tehri Hydropower complex - Bhagirathi river Vishnugadh Pipalkoti Hydroelectricity Project - Alakna...
Post a Comment
Read more

20 Lakh Crore Atmanirbhar Bharat Package। Full Analysis

On May 12, 2020, at 20:20 PM, Prime Minister Narendra Modi announced a sum of 20 lakh crore as a relief package for the poor and migrant laborers. This amount is 10% of the total 'gross domestic product' (GDP) of the country.  In which the poor, laborers, small traders as well as healthy related services are also mentioned. Given the grandeur of this huge amount, it becomes mandatory to do a full analysis of it. Is the government really going to disburse such a huge amount of money. Before proceeding further we need to pay special attention to two words. Monetary Policy Fiscal Policy If you already know about this, then ignore it and proceed. Monetary Policy Monetary policy is the policy adopted by the RBI to control money supply in economy. That is, RBI regulates the flow of currency by changing the Repo Rate and Reverse Repo Rate according to the demand of time and situation. Repo Rate - It is the rate of interest at which central bank (RBI) lends short term mone...
1 comment
Read more

Part XX, Article 368 Amendment of Constitution

Article 368 in Part XX of the Constitution deals with the power of Parliament to amend the Constitution and its procedure.  Indian Constitution is neither flexible nor rigid but a synthesis of both. Procedure of Amendment Introduced on by a parliament not state legislature. Bill can be introduced either by minister or private member. Must be passed in each house by special majority. No provision of holding a Joint sitting. Bill seeks to amend federal provision - it must be ratified by legislature of half of the states by a simple majority. President must give his assent to the bill. After president's assent, the bill becomes an Act and constitution stands amended in accordance with the terms of the Act. Types of Amendment Simple Majority Special Majority Special Majority with ratification of half of the state legislature. Simple Majority Admission and establishment of new states. Formation of new states and alteration of area, boundaries or names of existing states. Abolition or cr...
Post a Comment
Read more