Separatism External Affair Minister - Focusing on nexus between separatism and centrally organized crime. What is Separatism? Demand for a separate statehood. Region demanding the creation of a separate independent state. Insurgency - Organized Armed resistance with state. Aim - Overthrowing regime Require material or moral support Ideological or Maoist insurgency in central and eastern India. Movement for separate statehood Statehood movement Autonomy movement - For managing their economic, social and political affairs. Secessionist movement - One region in a country wants to secede and become a sovereign state. e.g. - Nagalingam Concern regarding the secessionist movement International and financial support Link with organized crime - Drugs trade to finance themselves. Effect on international relations - India/Canada Instability in the region - Violence against state and people Factor responsible for the rise of separatist tendencies Regional imbalance in economic development. Northe
SC used judicial review in various cases: Golaknath case (1967) Bank Nationalization case (1970) Privy Purses Abolition case (1971) Keshvananda Bharati Case (1973) Minerva Mills case (1980) 99th Amendment Case 2014 National Judicial Appointments Commission (NJAC) Act, 2014 Constitutional Provisions for Judicial Review Article 13: All law inconsistent and derogatory with Fundamental Rights shall be null and void. Article 32: Right to move to SC for the enforcement of Fundamental Rights. Empowers SC to issue directions, orders or writs. Article 131: Original Jurisdiction Article 132: Appellate Jurisdiction in constitutional cases Article 133: Appellate Jurisdiction in civil cases Article 134: Appellate Jurisdiction in criminal cases Article 134-A: Certificate for appeal in SC from HC Article 135: Empowers SC to exercise the jurisdiction and powers of the Federal Court under any pre-constitution law. Article 136: Authorizes SC to grant special leave to appeal from any court or tribunal